Quantum Work Statistics from Entanglement-Assisted Invariance

arXiv:2610.20528 · quant-ph, cond-mat.stat-mech · Submitted 2026-10-14 · Read on arXiv

quant-ph, cond-mat.stat-mech

Submitted: 2026-10-14

Updated: 2026-10-14

Comments: 4.5 + 4 pages

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The gist: We demonstrate that the one-time measurement scheme is more consistent than the standard two-time measurement scheme with respect to the fundamental symmetry of entanglement, namely

Terminology

Abstract

We demonstrate that the one-time measurement scheme is more consistent than the standard two-time measurement scheme with respect to the fundamental symmetry of entanglement, namely entanglement-assisted invariance (envariance). In particular, the work statistics obtained from the one-time measurement scheme arise naturally as a direct consequence of envariance for any driving unitary, without involving an explicit measurement postulate, whereas the analogous identification for the two-time measurement scheme is possible only for a Haar-measure-zero set of unitaries. This envariance-based formulation eliminates the ambiguity in work statistics related to the energetic cost of measurement.

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