Exact distances and measurement allocation for logical Pauli readout
quant-ph
Submitted: 2026-10-03
Updated: 2026-10-14
Code: https://github.com/Stavan-Jain/QECLean
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: A logical measurement reads out protected information, and the noise it survives sets how much a quantum computation can absorb.
Abstract
A logical measurement reads out protected information, and the noise it survives sets how much a quantum computation can absorb. Gauging builds one from a graph on the measured qubits, one extra qubit on each edge, turning a global operator into local parity checks. Its tolerance splits in two: the distance of the code left behind, and the rounds a fault can hide in. Williamson and Yoder proved both components stay at or above the code's distance. The guarantee rests on four side conditions taken as a package, none of them priced. Here we show they are not worth the same: the demand that the first and last rounds be perfect, which reads like bookkeeping, carries the temporal part. Dropping it flattens the fault distance, the least weight of a fault that passes unseen and flips the readout, to one for every code and round count, in a model whose detectors compare adjacent rounds; the full protocol collapses on the instance measured. The expansion condition, that no small set of qubits be sealed off, does not decide the outcome: two paths on the same qubits, both outside the covered regime, give distances one and two. The round count is tight where comparing rounds is the whole rule; the full protocol reaches the distance a round early. Both components are computed exactly on a gauged bivariate bicycle code and a Bacon--Shor measurement, inside a proof assistant. Threshold estimates consume such numbers; side conditions can be priced.
Sources
- Spacetime codes of Clifford circuits
- Gauging the Spacetime Code
- Parsimonious Quantum Low-Density Parity-Check Code Surgery
- Fast magic state preparation by gauging higher-form transversal gates in parallel
- End-to-End Formalization of Quantum Error Correction
- Fast and fault-tolerant logical measurements: Auxiliary hypergraphs and transversal surgery
- Quantum codes on a lattice with boundary
- A framework for low-overhead quantum fault tolerance via spacetime lifting
Related papers
- Reconquering Bell sampling on qudits: stabilizer learning and testing, quantum pseudorandomness bounds, and more
- Encrypted clones can leak: Classification of informative subsets in Quantum Encrypted Cloning
- Polynomial-time classical and quantum simulation of quantum impurity models
- A quasiparticle-protected superconducting qubit
- Theory of quantum-enhanced interferometry with general Markovian light sources
- A convergent hierarchy of spectral gap certificates for qubit Hamiltonians