Unbounded Holevo additivity gaps in finite dimensions

arXiv:2609.18222 · quant-ph, cs.IT, math-ph, math.IT, math.MP · Submitted 2026-09-16 · Read on arXiv

quant-ph, cs.IT, math-ph, math.IT, math.MP

Submitted: 2026-09-16

Updated: 2026-10-05

Comments: 22+8pp; v2:added a short discussion of concurrent works; corrected estimates in Appendix B; added a Lean certificate: https://github.com/JWang226/Holevo-Additivity-Gap

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The gist: We establish unbounded two-use Holevo additivity gaps in finite dimensions.

Terminology

Abstract

We establish unbounded two-use Holevo additivity gaps in finite dimensions. For each sufficiently large fixed integer K and all sufficiently large n, we construct channels T n with output dimension K n, input dimension (Θ K(n 2)), and [ χ(T n squared)-2χ(T n) n [2K over K-2 2(1+9/K)]-O(1/n).] The gap is linear in output qubits, with an explicit quadratic input-qubit cost and an explicit threshold on n. We also obtain channels whose single-use Holevo quantity tends to zero while their two-use Holevo information, and hence classical capacity, diverges. The channels arise from structured tensor products of the complementary mixed-unitary channels used in Collins's free-probabilistic proof. We establish minimum-output-entropy gaps by combining Collins--Youn's product-group Haagerup inequality with Bordenave--Collins's quantitative strong-convergence estimates. We also provide a Lean certificate for our proofs.

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