Robust Hamiltonian engineering with subensemble control
quant-ph, cond-mat.quant-gas
Submitted: 2026-09-02
Updated: 2026-09-20
Comments: 7+2+13 pages, 3+0+2 figures; v2: additional proof of NP-hardness, minor edits
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: We present a robust protocol to reshape interactions in a spin ensemble based on global control pulse sequences applied to multiple subensembles in parallel.
Terminology
Abstract
We present a robust protocol to reshape interactions in a spin ensemble based on global control pulse sequences applied to multiple subensembles in parallel. This setting arises naturally from ensembles of solid-state defects or multi-species atomic arrays. We show that it is provably computationally hard to find pulse sequences that simultaneously engineer interactions both within and between subensembles. Despite its formal hardness, we identify a set of necessary or sufficient conditions under which one can synthesize a target Hamiltonian from the native one. Moreover, we introduce efficient numerical strategies for designing pulse sequences that engineer target Hamiltonians robust against common control imperfections. As a specific application, we discuss the robust generation of two-mode spin squeezing in dual-species atomic ensembles, which is a challenging task without subensemble control. Our results provide a practical toolbox to design novel quantum simulation and sensing experiments with minimal control overhead.
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