A finite-shot mean-squared-error boundary for Richardson zero-noise extrapolation

arXiv:2605.08251 · quant-ph · Submitted 2026-05-07 · Read on arXiv

quant-ph

Submitted: 2026-05-07

Updated: 2026-10-15

Comments: 26 pages, 9 figures, 10 tables. v2: revised and extended version with a new title; restructured theory (general local theorem, fixed-Richardson derivation, observable classes), full simulation details, equal-budget analysis of all IBM hardware runs, and a supercritical synthetic control. Data and code: Zenodo, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23405717

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Zero-Noise Extrapolation (ZNE) — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

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