When Visual Evidence Is Insufficient: How Instructions, Post-Training, and Internal Activations Shape Refusal in Multimodal Language Models

arXiv:2610.37430 · cs.LG, cs.CV · Submitted 2026-10-27 · Read on arXiv

cs.LG, cs.CV

Submitted: 2026-10-27

Updated: 2026-10-27

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