Privacy-preserving inference on hosted models: a learned input-embedding transform for frozen Qwen3.8-27B

arXiv:2610.27817 · cs.AI · Submitted 2026-10-20 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-10-20

Updated: 2026-10-20

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The gist: Every prompt sent to a hosted language model is readable by whoever runs it.

Abstract

Every prompt sent to a hosted language model is readable by whoever runs it. We study whether the prompt can remain on the client while the host receives transformed vectors that stand in for it. A language model converts text to vectors exactly once, with a public lookup table; we perform that step locally and pass the vectors through a small trained network (55.6M parameters) before they leave the perimeter. The host runs a frozen 27B model (Qwen3.8-27B) on the transformed vectors and never receives text or token ids. We train the transform against the frozen model as a fixed judge, combining a forward-KL utility term with an auxiliary term that pushes each vector away from its original direction. On 1,490 MMLU questions held out from training, the transform costs 1.5 points of accuracy (80.7% vs. 82.3%), breaking 68 of the 1,226 questions the unmodified model answers correctly (5.5%), while 30.1% of content tokens no longer decode to their original token under a nearest-neighbour lookup.

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