Microcaustics: Fast GPU-Accelerated Dynamical Microlensing of Time-Dependent Extended Sources

Gravitational microlensing probes unresolved quasar accretion disc structure and compact objects in lens galaxies and is an important systematic in strong-lens time-delay cosmography. Most analyses use static microlensing map simulations because evolving individual microlenses and caustics is computationally prohibitive. We present Microcaustics, a GPU-accelerated Python package built on PyTorch for dynamical microlensing of time-dependent extended sources in strong gravitational lenses. It combines a local-exact/far-field deflection solver, source-directed lens-plane scouting with temporal reuse, and biquadratic inverse polygon mapping (IPM). GPU batching and fused Triton rasterization accelerate the calculation, while binary caustic labels track source-centred crossings. Across three simulated quadruply lensed quasar systems, our package generates a 10-year, 147-frame multiband light curve in an amortized median of 0.68 s (0.88 s with labels) on a consumer GPU with a median light-curve RMSE of 0.35 mmag, while recovering every reference source-centred caustic crossing. At comparable map accuracy, the batched throughput is 780 times higher than that of a recent CUDA IPM implementation and extrapolates to a speedup of millions relative to classic GPU-D. We demonstrate that our IPM converges as N ray-0.84, approaching the idealized N ray-1 convergence rate of piecewise-affine IPM and improving upon the N ray-1/2 inverse ray-shooting rate. We also introduce a GPU-resident general relativistic and reverberating quasar source model and demonstrate our method with an evolving supernova source. These advances make fully dynamical stellar fields practical for Bayesian and simulation-based inference.