Making COMET Comparable Across Scripts: Diagnosis and Correction of Tokeniser-Induced Script Bias in Indic MT Evaluation
cs.CL, cs.LG
Submitted: 2026-10-06
Updated: 2026-10-06
Comments: 18 pages, 2 figures. Camera-ready version, accepted at WMT 2026. Code and data: https://github.com/John-salvin/script-bias-comet-normalisation
Code: https://github.com/John-salvin/script-bias-comet-normalisation
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: COMET reports translation quality as a single number, and that number is routinely compared across target languages written in different scripts.
Abstract
COMET reports translation quality as a single number, and that number is routinely compared across target languages written in different scripts. Such a comparison assumes Script Invariance: the score should not depend on the writing system that carries the target. We test it on IndicMT Eval by re-encoding the target into Latin script, which changes orthographic form while holding content and human ratings fixed. Script identity then accounts for 22.9% of native-script COMET variance, and agreement with annotators falls in all five languages studied. We trace the effect to the tokeniser and measure it with three label-free diagnostics. The bias is two faults, not one. Scores from different scripts occupy incompatible ranges, and within a single script the metric orders translations less accurately. No order-preserving transform of the score can repair the second fault. The first is removed exactly by COMET-QN, which maps the score distribution of each (language, script) pair onto a shared reference. Pooled agreement with annotators rises from 0.300 to 0.399, which is what makes scores from different scripts safe to place on one axis, and every within-language ordering is provably preserved. A regressor over parity features recovers a further 17.1% of the lost sensitivity. The remainder belongs to the encoder, and no post-processing can reach it. We therefore recommend publishing the normalised score, the three diagnostics, and the identity of the tokeniser they were computed against, so that a reader can tell how much of a score reflects translation quality and how much reflects the writing system.
Sources
- Language Models are not Equally Robust to Non-Canonical Tokenization across Languages
- BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model
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