Cracking open the "dragon egg": ALMA 1.3mm observations of a compact, young high-mass core candidate at 30mas resolution

arXiv:2610.07138 · astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.SR · Submitted 2026-10-05 · Read on arXiv

astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.SR

Submitted: 2026-10-05

Updated: 2026-10-05

Comments: 9+3 pages, 6+2 figures, 2+1 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The gist: Massive prestellar cores are a central assumption of core-accretion models of high-mass star formation, yet convincing observational examples remain rare.

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Abstract

Massive prestellar cores are a central assumption of core-accretion models of high-mass star formation, yet convincing observational examples remain rare. The "dragon egg" (C2c1a) core in the infrared-dark cloud G028.37+00.07 has been proposed as a promising compact high-mass core candidate. We present new ALMA Band 6 observations at 0.035'' - 0.078'' (about175-400 au at 5 kpc), providing one of the most stringent high-resolution tests of such a candidate. The region resolves into multiple fragments, but the brightest component, C2c1a(a), remains a single compact continuum peak down to about175 au, with a deconvolved radius of about87 au and a nearest neighbouring fragment at a projected separation of about2400 au. The continuum peak reaches a brightness temperature of about40 K, exceeding the about10 K gas temperatures inferred from lower-resolution NH 3 observations and indicating a strong radial temperature gradient. Continuum-based mass estimates range from about2 to about30 M (implying extreme densities of n H2 > 10 9 cm-3), depending on temperature, while lower-resolution data indicate a much larger mass reservoir of about110 M on about10 4 au scales. The spectrum shows no strong hot-core tracers and only weak, spatially extended H 2 CO and CO emission; no high-velocity outflow can be unambiguously associated with C2c1a(a). We conclude that C2c1a(a) is an exceptionally compact core embedded within a massive cold reservoir, with no additional compact fragments detected within the present resolution and sensitivity limits, potentially tracing the earliest formation of a central protostellar "seed" within a still-dominant reservoir. [abridged]

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