A Unified Scaling Law for Time Series Foundation Models

arXiv:2610.05269 · cs.LG · Submitted 2026-10-04 · Read on arXiv

cs.LG

Submitted: 2026-10-04

Updated: 2026-10-04

Code: https://github.com/Fifthky/UniScale

Terminology

• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes

Sources

• Pretrained Time-Series Foundation Models for Financial Return Forecasting
• Chronos-2: From Univariate to Universal Forecasting
• Why Do Time Series Models Need Long Context Windows?
• Beyond Numerical Time Series: A Unified Benchmark for Multimodal Forecasting with Heterogeneous Context
• Position: Universal Time Series Foundation Models Rest on a Category Error
• Learning the Context of Errors: Black-Box Online Adaptation of Time Series Foundation Models
• Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models
• Diversified Scaling Inference in Time Series Foundation Models
• How Good Can Linear Models Be for Time-Series Forecasting?
• Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models
• Toto 2.0: Time Series Forecasting Enters the Scaling Era
• Foundation Models for Time Series: A Survey
• Moirai 2.0: When Less Is More for Time Series Forecasting
• Falcon-X: A Time Series Foundation Model for Heterogeneous Multivariate Modeling
• Timer-S1: A Billion-Scale Time Series Foundation Model with Serial Scaling
• t 0: A Time-Series Foundation Model for Forecasting with Context
• Rethinking Evaluation in the Era of Time Series Foundation Models: (Un)known Information Leakage Challenges
• TiRex-2: Generalizing TiRex to Multivariate Data and Streaming
• Re(Visiting) Time Series Foundation Models in Finance
• fev-bench: A Realistic Benchmark for Time Series Forecasting

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