HyperThink: Text-to-Parameter Hypernetworks for Efficient Reasoning
cs.CL, cs.LG
Submitted: 2026-10-02
Updated: 2026-10-02
Comments: COLM 2026
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: Long-form thinking traces can substantially improve the multi-step reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), but they introduce high inference-time overhead, with latency dominated by
Terminology
Abstract
Long-form thinking traces can substantially improve the multi-step reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), but they introduce high inference-time overhead, with latency dominated by sequential decoding. We propose HyperThink, a text-to-parameter approach that amortizes this reasoning computation into a single query-conditioned parameter update: a lightweight hypernetwork reads the question and predicts updates to a small subset of the base LLM's parameters, while a vector-quantized decoder constrains them to a finite set of reusable patterns to improve robustness and transfer. Trained end-to-end on outputs from the base model itself, HyperThink eliminates long thinking traces at test time: after one hypernetwork forward pass, the adapted model generates a concise step-by-step solution and final answer without an intermediate trace, using far fewer tokens while retaining strong reasoning performance. Empirically, HyperThink improves the low-latency region of the accuracy-latency trade-off on mathematical and general reasoning tasks, with its strongest gains in the near-non-thinking regime.
Sources
- Zhyper: Factorized Hypernetworks for Conditioned LLM Fine-Tuning
- Training Plug-n-Play Knowledge Modules with Deep Context Distillation
- Doc-to-LoRA: Learning to Instantly Internalize Contexts
- Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems
- DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
- Beyond Benchmarks: MathArena as an Evaluation Platform for Mathematics with LLMs
- Training Large Language Models to Reason in a Continuous Latent Space
- ThinkPrune: Pruning Long Chain-of-Thought of LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
- BEFT: Bias-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Language Models in Low-Data Regimes
- QASC: A Dataset for Question Answering via Sentence Composition
- HyperFlow: Gradient-Free Emulation of Few-Shot Fine-Tuning
- LogiQA: A Challenge Dataset for Machine Reading Comprehension with Logical Reasoning
- The Llama 3 Herd of Models
- When Does Verification Pay Off? A Closer Look at LLMs as Solution Verifiers
- Reasoning Models Can Be Effective Without Thinking
- Skeleton-of-Thought: Prompting LLMs for Efficient Parallel Generation
- Qwen2.5 Technical Report
- Qwen3 Technical Report
- Learning by Distilling Context
- Olmo 3
Related papers
- Exploring Solution Divergence and Its Effect on Large Language Model Problem Solving
- Ishigaki-IDS-Bench: A Benchmark for Generating Information Delivery Specification from BIM Information Requirements
- Subliminal Steering: Stronger Encoding of Hidden Signals
- MedStruct-S: A Benchmark for Key Discovery, Key-Conditioned QA and Semi-Structured Extraction from OCR Clinical Reports
- The End of Transformers? On Challenging Attention and the Rise of Sub-Quadratic Architectures
- Untangling the Mechanisms of Misleading Context in Medical Question Answering