Overview of BioASQ 2026: The fourteenth BioASQ Challenge on Large-Scale Biomedical Semantic Indexing and Question Answering

arXiv:2609.39975 · cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.IR · Submitted 2026-09-30 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.IR

Submitted: 2026-09-30

Updated: 2026-09-30

Comments: 21 pages, 17 tables, International Conference of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum for European Languages 2026 (CLEF2026)

Journal ref: Nentidis, A. et al. (2027). In: Hagen, M., et al. Experimental IR Meets Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Interaction. CLEF 2026. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 17087. Springer, Cham

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-39150-6_22

Code: https://github.com/nerel-ds/NEREL-BIO

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Information Extraction — 12× in this paper
• Transformer — 11× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• RAG — 9× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Association for Computational Linguistics — 7× in this paper
• Entity Linking — 7× in this paper
• Consistency — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• F1 Score — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Named Entity Recognition — 5× in this paper
• Benchmark — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• GRPO — 3× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Semantic Similarity — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer Models — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing — 2× in this paper
• Fine-Tuning — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Instruction Tuning — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Named Entity Recognition (NER) — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Prompt Engineering — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• All Mean Average Precision — 1× in this paper
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Contrastive Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Ensemble Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Factoid Mean Reciprocal Rank — 1× in this paper
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Group Relative Policy Optimization — 1× in this paper
• Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Hierarchical Classification — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Knowledge Graph — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Knowledge graphs — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Loss Function — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation — 1× in this paper
• Ontology — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Pruning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Representation Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Task Decomposition — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale
• QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs
• EuroLLM: Multilingual Language Models for Europe
• DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models
• BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT

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