LongSpark: Efficient speculative decoding with a fixed-cost parallel drafter
cs.LG, cs.AI
Submitted: 2026-09-29
Updated: 2026-09-29
Code: https://github.com/tatsu-lab/stanford_alpaca
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
The gist: Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive inference by verifying multiple draft tokens in a single target forward pass.
Terminology
Abstract
Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive inference by verifying multiple draft tokens in a single target forward pass. However, as the context grows, existing state-of-the-art drafters become increasingly expensive, eroding the very efficiency advantage they are designed to provide. We argue that this scaling is unnecessary. A standalone language model must grow with its prefix because it is solely responsible for every token it produces. A drafter, by contrast, only proposes candidates; the target catches and corrects every error before any token is committed. The drafter's decoding cost can therefore be made entirely independent of the prefix length. We introduce LongSpark, a block-diffusion drafter that achieves this by extracting fixed-size, multiscale views from the target's verification pass, thereby eliminating the need for a growing persistent state. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that LongSpark achieves state-of-the-art end-to-end efficiency across multiple model scales and realistic serving conditions. Notably, it delivers the lowest time-per-output-token on long-context tasks while reducing the drafter's context state by several orders of magnitude.
Sources
- Structuring The Future: Diffusion LLM Speculative Decoding via Calibrated Draft Graphs
- Program Synthesis with Large Language Models
- Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code
- DSpark: Confidence-Scheduled Speculative Decoding with Semi-Autoregressive Generation
- Recurrent Drafter for Fast Speculative Decoding in Large Language Models
- Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems
- JetSpec: Breaking the Scaling Ceiling of Speculative Decoding with Parallel Tree Drafting
- Domino: Decoupling Causal Modeling from Autoregressive Drafting in Speculative Decoding
- P-EAGLE: Parallel-Drafting EAGLE with Scalable Training
- Orthrus: Memory-Efficient Parallel Token Generation via Dual-View Diffusion
- AdaFlash: Adaptive Speculative Decoding via On-Policy Distilled Diffusion Drafters
- xPress: Parallel Refinement for Diffusion Drafters in Speculative Decoding
- PRESTO: Prefix-Aligned Tree Drafting for Diffusion Speculative Decoding
- Accelerating Production LLMs with Combined Token/Embedding Speculators
- ParallelSpec: Parallel Drafter for Efficient Speculative Decoding
- DFlare: Scaling Up Draft Capacity for Block Diffusion Speculative Decoding
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