LongSpark: Efficient speculative decoding with a fixed-cost parallel drafter

arXiv:2609.37029 · cs.LG, cs.AI · Submitted 2026-09-29 · Read on arXiv

cs.LG, cs.AI

Submitted: 2026-09-29

Updated: 2026-09-29

Code: https://github.com/tatsu-lab/stanford_alpaca

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

The gist: Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive inference by verifying multiple draft tokens in a single target forward pass.

Terminology

Abstract

Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive inference by verifying multiple draft tokens in a single target forward pass. However, as the context grows, existing state-of-the-art drafters become increasingly expensive, eroding the very efficiency advantage they are designed to provide. We argue that this scaling is unnecessary. A standalone language model must grow with its prefix because it is solely responsible for every token it produces. A drafter, by contrast, only proposes candidates; the target catches and corrects every error before any token is committed. The drafter's decoding cost can therefore be made entirely independent of the prefix length. We introduce LongSpark, a block-diffusion drafter that achieves this by extracting fixed-size, multiscale views from the target's verification pass, thereby eliminating the need for a growing persistent state. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that LongSpark achieves state-of-the-art end-to-end efficiency across multiple model scales and realistic serving conditions. Notably, it delivers the lowest time-per-output-token on long-context tasks while reducing the drafter's context state by several orders of magnitude.

Sources

Related papers