RoXDrive: Closed-Loop Reinforcement Learning for End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Action-Faithful Rollouts

arXiv:2609.36851 · cs.CV · Submitted 2026-09-29 · Read on arXiv

cs.CV

Submitted: 2026-09-29

Updated: 2026-09-30

Comments: Project page: https://hongbin98.github.io/RoXDrive/ Github: https://github.com/Hongbin98/RoXDrive

Code: https://github.com/OpenDriveLab/OpenScene

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

The gist: End-to-end autonomous driving policies are commonly trained via imitation learning on logged demonstrations without observing the consequences of their own actions, leading to causal confusion in

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Abstract

End-to-end autonomous driving policies are commonly trained via imitation learning on logged demonstrations without observing the consequences of their own actions, leading to causal confusion in closed-loop real-world deployment. To address this issue, reinforcement learning (RL) post-training offers a promising alternative by leveraging world models as interactive training environments to enable future scene generation for policy improvement. Nevertheless, existing approaches either rely on reconstruction-based simulators, offering limited counterfactual interaction, or adopt synthetic simulators to enable long-horizon closed-loop interaction at the cost of a substantial sim-to-real gap. Recently, video world models have exhibited the ability to generate realistic multi-step future rollouts but may not faithfully reflect action conditions, resulting in action-vision mismatch. In this paper, we introduce RoXDrive, a plug-and-play closed-loop RL framework that enables reliable policy optimization by identifying action-faithful world-model rollouts, consisting of two stages: 1) Model pre-training: In addition to imitation-based policy pre-training, we devise an Action-Vision Faithfulness Evaluator for inverse dynamics estimation with our geometry-aware auxiliary trajectory supervision, enabling long-horizon assessment of whether visual dynamics faithfully reflect the conditioning ego actions. 2) Action-faithful RL post-training: Agents iteratively interact with world models to form long-horizon scene rollouts, retaining only action-faithful ones for dense safety-aware scoring and scene-level closed-loop RL post-training. Extensive experiments on nuScenes and an in-house dataset with over 130K training scenarios demonstrate consistent gains across planners, reducing safety violations by 27.6% with DiffusionDrive on nuScenes and 33.7% with Qwen3-VL on the internal data.

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