Cognitive Expert Language Models Better Align with the Corresponding Brain Systems

arXiv:2609.36239 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-09-28 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-09-28

Updated: 2026-09-28

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Fine-Tuning — 100× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Alignment — 60× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Accuracy — 25× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Perplexity — 16× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Commentary — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• LoRA Adapters — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Transformer — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adaptation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Feature Extraction — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 2× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Catastrophic Forgetting — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Distillation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Generative AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Instruction Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Knowledge Graph — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Knowledge graphs — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• LLM judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Latent Representation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Latent Representations — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Robustness — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Scaling Laws — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Temporal Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verifier — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Phi-4 Technical Report
• Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
• LoRA Learns Less and Forgets Less
• A Dataset for Answering Time-Sensitive Questions
• Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems
• A foundation model of vision, audition, and language for in-silico neuroscience
• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding
• LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models
• Branch-Train-Merge: Embarrassingly Parallel Training of Expert Language Models
• Dissociating language and thought in large language models
• Orca-Math: Unlocking the potential of SLMs in Grade School Math
• Task-conditioned probing of instruction-tuned multimodal LLMs: Region-specific brain alignment patterns under naturalistic stimuli
• Qwen2.5 Technical Report
• Compressive Transformers for Long-Range Sequence Modelling
• Fine-tuned vs. Prompt-tuned Supervised Representations: Which Better Account for Brain Language Representations?
• ExpertPrompting: Instructing Large Language Models to be Distinguished Experts
• Contravariance Theory: Strong Alignment for Minimal Solutions to Hard Tasks
• Qwen3 Technical Report

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