The GUI Is Not the State: Diagnosing State Aliasing in GUI World Models

arXiv:2609.32679 · cs.LG, cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.CV · Submitted 2026-09-26 · Read on arXiv

cs.LG, cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.CV

Submitted: 2026-09-26

Updated: 2026-09-26

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The gist: GUI World Models (GUI-WMs) are increasingly used to predict future states for agent planning and simulation, yet most existing formulations condition only on the current GUI observation and action.

Terminology

Abstract

GUI World Models (GUI-WMs) are increasingly used to predict future states for agent planning and simulation, yet most existing formulations condition only on the current GUI observation and action. We identify state aliasing, where the vis- ible interface omits transition-relevant environment state, so identical observable conditions can correspond to different valid futures. To diagnose this failure mode, we introduce StateAliasBench, a diagnostic benchmark that explicitly isolates such ambiguities via strict pairing. We further propose lightweight predictive- state recovery that infers structured state from history and augments otherwise frozen GUI-WMs through a deterministic state interface. Family-specific special- ists provide state recovery across heterogeneous state types, and multi-teacher dis- tillation consolidates them into a single unified estimator. Experiments show that existing GUI-WMs exhibit systematic failures under observation-only condition- ing, while predictive-state augmentation substantially restores state-sensitive pre- diction across evaluated WMs, preserves generative fidelity, and improves down- stream performance of GUI agents on AndroidWorld. These results suggest that reliable GUI world modeling should account not only for what is visible, but also for the hidden transition state that determines what happens next.

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