HyperLabel: Multi-Label Classification via Hypergraph-Based Label Correlation Modeling

arXiv:2609.32276 · cs.LG · Submitted 2026-09-26 · Read on arXiv

cs.LG

Submitted: 2026-09-26

Updated: 2026-09-26

Comments: 15 pages, 3 figures

Code: https://github.com/iZHpy/Multi-label_hypergraph

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The gist: Multi-label classification (MLC) requires predicting multiple relevant labels for each instance, where a central challenge is modeling complex label dependencies arising from co-occurrence patterns.

Terminology

Abstract

Multi-label classification (MLC) requires predicting multiple relevant labels for each instance, where a central challenge is modeling complex label dependencies arising from co-occurrence patterns. Existing approaches are limited in capturing high-order label correlations, relying on implicit learning through contrastive objectives or pairwise attention mechanisms without structural guidance. We propose HyperLabel, an encoder-decoder framework that explicitly models label dependencies through hypergraph neural networks. Our contributions are twofold: (i) We construct a label hypergraph where sample-defined hyperedges naturally encode multi-way co-occurrence patterns, providing explicit structural prior knowledge that captures relationships beyond pairwise interactions. (ii) We propose a unified cross-modal learning approach where HGNN+ performs bidirectional message passing to integrate feature information with label structure, and a shared cross-attention decoder processes both modalities through complementary learning objectives. Extensive experiments on seven benchmark datasets demonstrate that HyperLabel achieves state-of-the-art performance, with particularly significant improvements on macro-F1 scores (+10.3% on Delicious, +8.2% on Bibtex), validating that explicit hypergraph structure effectively captures complex label relationships. The code is available at https://github.com/iZHpy/Multi-label hypergraph.

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