The Judge Is Not Its Twin: Post-training makes a model's writing more predictable but barely moves its taste, as a judge, toward predictable writing
cs.CL, cs.LG
Submitted: 2026-09-26
Updated: 2026-09-26
Comments: 15 pages, 4 tables. Code and data: https://github.com/IamArmanNikkhah/judge-is-not-its-twin
Code: https://github.com/IamArmanNikkhah/judge-is-not-its-twin
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: Language models are now routinely graded by other language models.
Terminology
Abstract
Language models are now routinely graded by other language models. If post-training makes a model's own writing more predictable, it may also teach the same model, acting as a judge, to reward predictable writing, so that progress on creativity would be invisible to automated evaluation. We follow two open model families, OLMo-2 and Zephyr (7B parameters each), through their public training stages and measure every stage twice, as a writer of short stories and as a judge of pairs of stories. As writers, the models drift as feared: each family's fully trained model finds the stories of its base, supervised fine-tuned (SFT) and preference-trained (DPO) stages progressively more familiar, in all ten prompts, and a model from the other family finds the trained stories 7.0 to 9.2 percent (OLMo-2) and 24 to 25 percent (Zephyr) less surprising per token. As judges, they barely move toward predictable writing. Asked which story is better, a question every judge can use to tell a story from its own words in scrambled order, no trained judge's estimated tilt toward the more predictable story grows by as much as one point in the probability of picking it. A post hoc one-sided 95% upper bound on that growth is 2.7 points on an average pair, about the size of the untrained OLMo-2 judge's own tilt. Asked which is more creative, no trained judge's estimate favors the predictable story more than its base's does. Training instead strengthens a preference for longer stories when the question is creativity, and for one answer slot, and it breaks "more creative" as a question: trained judges asked it no longer reliably prefer a story to its scrambled words. A follow-up could not build pairs that differ in predictability but not in quality, because the routes that made this writer's stories less predictable also broke some of them, often enough to fail a quality floor set in advance.
Sources
- Art or Artifice? Large Language Models and the False Promise of Creativity
- Length-Controlled AlpacaEval: A Simple Way to Debias Automatic Evaluators
- The Curious Case of Neural Text Degeneration
- Mistral 7B
- Where does output diversity collapse in post-training?
- Preference Leakage: A Contamination Problem in LLM-as-a-judge
- Creativity Has Left the Chat: The Price of Debiasing Language Models
- LLM Evaluators Recognize and Favor Their Own Generations
- Is Temperature the Creativity Parameter of Large Language Models?
- Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model
- 2 OLMo 2 Furious
- Zephyr: Direct Distillation of LM Alignment
- The Limits of Automatic Evaluation of Creativity in Large Language Models
- Large Language Models are not Fair Evaluators
- Self-Preference Bias in LLM-as-a-Judge
- Trading Off Diversity and Quality in Natural Language Generation
- Verbalized Sampling: How to Mitigate Mode Collapse and Unlock LLM Diversity
- Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena
- Toward Robust LLM-Based Judges: Taxonomic Bias Evaluation and Debiasing Optimization
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