ChestPheNoT: Deployable, Auditable Label-Status-Evidence Extraction from Radiology Reports

arXiv:2609.31629 · cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG · Submitted 2026-09-09 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG

Submitted: 2026-09-09

Updated: 2026-09-09

Comments: Accepted at IEEE Healthcom 2026

Code: https://github.com/yukkai/ChestPheNoT

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• GRPO — 23× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Distribution Shift — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Grounding — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• LLM judge — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Aggregation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Accuracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Generative Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generative Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Group Relative Policy Optimization — 1× in this paper
• Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Hallucination — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Pairwise Comparisons — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes

Sources

• Qwen2.5 Technical Report
• DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models
• CheX-GPT: Harnessing Large Language Models for Enhanced Chest X-ray Report Labeling
• EvidenceRL: Reinforcing Evidence Consistency for Trustworthy Language Models
• HERO: Hierarchical Evidential Reasoning Optimization for Radiology Report Generation via Reason-then-Summarize
• MIMIC-CXR-JPG, a large publicly available database of labeled chest radiographs
• Understanding R1-Zero-Like Training: A Critical Perspective

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