MathShikkha: A Controlled Study of Answer-Only and Chain-of-Thought Supervision for Bangla Mathematical Reasoning in Small Language Models

arXiv:2608.08503 · cs.AI, cs.CL · Submitted 2026-08-09 · Read on arXiv

Rahma Simin Ali, Jawad Hossain

cs.AI, cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-08-09

Updated: 2026-08-11

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Fine-Tuning — 51× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Accuracy — 47× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 17× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Distillation — 17× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Trace — 13× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalization — 9× in this paper · explained in 14 episodes
• Consistency — 7× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reasoning Traces — 6× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Grounding — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Robustness — 5× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• QLoRA — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Instruction Tuning — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Ablation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Augmentation — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Bangla Chain-of-Thought — 2× in this paper
• Benchmarking — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Chain-of-Thought (CoT) — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Chain-of-Thought Supervision — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Distribution Shift — 2× in this paper · explained in 12 episodes
• Low-Resource Languages — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Overfitting — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Papers — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Verification — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Chain-of-Thought (CoT) Prompting — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Chain-of-Thought Prompting — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Coherence — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Data Augmentation — 1× in this paper · explained in 10 episodes
• Evaluation Protocol — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Faithfulness — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Hyperparameters — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Scaffolding — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Small Language Models (SLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Structured Reasoning — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Tokenization — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Training Objective — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes

Sources

• Leveraging Large Language Models for Bengali Math Word Problem Solving with Chain of Thought Reasoning
• DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models
• DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
• Language Models are Multilingual Chain-of-Thought Reasoners
• HintMR: Eliciting Stronger Mathematical Reasoning in Small Language Models

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