Different Perturbations, Different Mechanisms: Understanding Continued Pre-training for Zero-Shot Dialect Robustness

arXiv:2608.05510 · cs.CL · Submitted 2026-08-06 · Read on arXiv

Aarohi Srivastava, David Chiang

cs.CL

Submitted: 2026-08-06

Code: https://github.com/openlanguagedata/flores

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Robustness — 62× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Tokenization — 24× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 6× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Decoder — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Downstream Tasks — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cosine Similarity — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Hyperparameters — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cross-lingual Transfer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Inflation — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Quantization — 2× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Regularization — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Transformer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adam — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Calibration — 1× in this paper · explained in 9 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 14 episodes
• Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 9 episodes
• Linear Probe — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Linear Probes — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Named Entity Recognition (NER) — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• QLoRA — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transfer Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 16 episodes
• Transformers — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Weight Decay — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation
• DiaLLM: An Investigation into the Robustness-Generation Gap in English Dialect Adaptation

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