Searching for core-collapse supernovae in binaries with ZTF
Sylvia J. Zhu, Jakob Nordin, Emma de Oña-Wilhelmi, Andrea Ercolino
astro-ph.HE
Submitted: 2026-08-03
Comments: 12 pages main text + 7 pages appendix. To be submitted to A&A
Code: https://github.com/AtomyChan/SN2022jli
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The gist: Context.
Terminology
Abstract
Context. Stripped envelope supernovae occur in massive stars that have lost their outer layers before exploding, possibly from binary interactions. Recently, SN 2022jli was detected with significant periodic oscillations in its lightcurve, likely due to accretion from a binary companion onto the newborn compact object. Aims. While evidence for periodic oscillations has been found in a few bright and noteworthy supernovae, the population properties are best understood with systematic searches of large data sets. We present prospects for running a search on data from ZTF and similar surveys that is flexible and computationally inexpensive, with the goal of setting up a search in realtime on data from ZTF, LSST, and similar surveys. Methods. We simulate core collapse supernova lightcurves with additional features from the binary interactions. We use spline fits to remove the underlying supernova behavior and isolate the periodicities, then apply a Lomb-Scargle periodogram to recover the simulated period. By varying the conditions, we can make recommendations for different kinds of data sets. Finally, we run the search on two sets of archival ZTF supernovae to illustrate the concept. Results. For a wide range of binary interaction parameters, we find that a long baseline (200 days) of observations with a three-day cadence effectively retrieve 50% of the binary oscillations. However, this rate plummets with more typical observation durations; only a few percent are recoverable with a 30-day observation, and 10% with a 75-day observation. A substantial fraction of supernovae could therefore have binary companion interactions that have simply been undetected. Out of 212 moderately bright and well observed ZTF supernovae, we find suggestions of periodic oscillations in two candidates.
Sources
- Precursor Activity Preceding Interacting Supernovae I: Bridging the Gap with SN 2022mop
- Accretion from a shock-inflated companion: double-peaked supernova lightcurve with periodic modulations
- A New Forced Photometry Service for the Zwicky Transient Facility
- GWTC-5.0: Observations from the Second Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run and Updates to the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
- An extragalactic gamma-ray binary formed in supernova 2022jli
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