Tighter Dark Matter Constraints from the Projected Mass Method: A Neural Network Enhanced Method for Galaxy Groups and Clusters

arXiv:2607.15339 · astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.CO, gr-qc · Submitted 2026-07-16 · Read on arXiv

astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.CO, gr-qc

Submitted: 2026-07-16

Updated: 2026-10-22

Comments: 12 pages; Comments are welcome!

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Anisotropy — 18× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Velocity Dispersion — 6× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Projected Mass Estimator — 5× in this paper
• Calibration — 4× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Consistency — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Systematic Bias — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Robustness — 3× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Accuracy — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Degeneracy — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Multi-Layer Perceptron — 2× in this paper
• Ablation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Abundance — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Activation Function — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adam — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cooperation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Feature Extraction — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalizability — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Gradient Flow — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Redundancy — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• The distribution of dark matter in galaxies
• Galaxy Groups
• Stellar mass-to-light ratios and the Tully-Fisher relation
• The Masses of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies
• The frozen outskirts: a cold Hubble flow and the mass of the Local Group
• Applying scale-free mass estimators to the Local Group in Constrained Local Universe Simulations
• First Results from the TNG50 Simulation: The evolution of stellar and gaseous disks across cosmic time
• Prediction of galaxy halo masses in SDSS DR7 via a machine learning approach
• The mass of the Milky Way from satellite dynamics
• Line-of-sight mass estimator and the masses of the Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy
• Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation
• The Illustris Simulation: Public Data Release
• First Results from the TNG50 Simulation: Galactic outflows driven by supernovae and black hole feedback
• Populating a cluster of galaxies - I. Results at z=0
• The Orbital Ellipticity of Satellite Galaxies and the Mass of the Milky Way
• Using X-Ray Morphological Parameters to Strengthen Galaxy Cluster Mass Estimates via Machine Learning
• Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
• A Comprehensive Analysis of Uncertainties Affecting the Stellar Mass - Halo Mass Relation for 0<z<4

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