Astra: an open-source fully autonomous robotic observatory control software

Robotic and autonomous observatories are critical for modern time-domain and high-cadence astronomical surveys. The operation of these facilities requires complex software coordination to manage hardware, schedule observations, and ensure safety. However, existing observatory control software are often proprietary and platform-locked or require complex message-brokering infrastructure. Here we present Astra (Automated Survey observaTory Robotised with Alpaca): an open-source, cross-platform Python system for the sustained, fully autonomous operation of astronomical observatories, requiring no external message-broker infrastructure. Astra controls observatory hardware via the ASCOM Alpaca protocol, and executes prescheduled observatory actions under continuous safety supervision. Its multi-device actions include plate-solve-based pointing correction with a local Gaia--2MASS catalogue fallback, PID-controlled autoguiding, and autofocus. A FastAPI web service provides a browser UI, REST and WebSocket APIs for real-time status, image previews, and SQLite-backed telemetry and logs. Astra has run in fully unattended production since January 2024, scaling to six telescopes across three facilities: the SPECULOOS-South network (4 times 1,m class, Chile), SAINT-EX (1,m class, Mexico), and the ETH Observatory (0.5,m class, Switzerland), with no schedule aborts attributable to Astra software. Across the SPECULOOS-South network, it achieves sub-arcsecond autoguiding (0.11 median pointing scatter) and plate-solve failure rates below 1% on three of the four telescopes (3% on the narrowest-field unit), demonstrating that an open, standards-based software stack can meet the reliability demands of production survey astronomy.