Cosmology: 100 years after A. A. Friedmann
A. F. Zakharov
physics.hist-ph, astro-ph.CO, gr-qc
Submitted: 2026-07-13
Comments: 21 pages, presented as an invited talk at the International Conference "Nonlinearity, Nonlocality and Ultrametricity" (2025) on the Occasion of Branko Dragovich 80th Birthday
License: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
The gist: A.
Terminology
Abstract
A. A. Friedmann (04.06.1888 -- 16.09.1925) proposed the first physical cosmological models in 1920s. Despite the fact that Friedmann's works were very famous soon after their publication, the study of dynamic models of the Universe in the USSR was actually banned in the 30s - 50s of the last century, and Soviet philosophers and propagandists wrote that models of the evolving Universe were invented by Lemaitre on the demand of the Roman Pope, because according to Soviet philosophers such the birth of the universe is very similar to the divine creation of the world described in the Bible. Thus, in the USSR, Friedman's works were in oblivion in since 1930s until 1960s.
Sources
- Shadow in the Galactic Center: Theoretical Concept -- Prediction -- Realization
- Nearly forgotten results in development of physical cosmology
- A review of Voigt's transformations in the framework of special relativity
- "The Waters I am Entering No One yet Has Crossed": Alexander Friedman and the Origins of Modern Cosmology
- How Friedmann Shod Einstein
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