Martingale Doppelg"anger-Eval: An Identification Framework for Auditing Candlestick Understanding in Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2606.17423 · q-fin.CP, stat.ML · Submitted 2026-06-16 · Read on arXiv

Ziyao Wang

q-fin.CP, stat.ML

Submitted: 2026-06-16

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Benchmark — 52× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AUC — 38× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generator — 17× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Abstention — 14× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Robustness — 9× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Accuracy — 8× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Faithfulness — 8× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Calibration — 7× in this paper · explained in 9 episodes
• Core — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Grounding — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Influence Functions — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Consistency — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Decoupling — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Frozen model — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Regret — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Verification — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Vision-language models — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accountability — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Causal Inference — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Clarity — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Clustering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Leakage Control — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Monotonicity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Performance Gap — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Sample Complexity — 1× in this paper · explained in 20 episodes
• Semantic Preservation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Shortcut Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Vision-Language Models (VLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Visual Grounding — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Invariant Risk Minimization

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