High-Precision Relativistic Time Scales for Mars Surface and Orbital Clocks

arXiv:2606.13726 · gr-qc, astro-ph.EP, astro-ph.IM · Submitted 2026-06-11 · Read on arXiv

gr-qc, astro-ph.EP, astro-ph.IM

Submitted: 2026-06-11

Updated: 2026-09-20

Comments: 30 pages, 8 figures, 11 tables

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Accuracy — 7× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• International Astronomical Union — 7× in this paper
• Consistency — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Calibration — 2× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Fidelity — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Geocentric Celestial Reference System — 2× in this paper
• Scaling Laws — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Terrestrial Time — 2× in this paper
• Chebyshev Polynomials — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Lunar Celestial Reference System — 1× in this paper
• Mars Global Navigation Satellite System — 1× in this paper
• Newtonian Barycentric Celestial Reference System — 1× in this paper

Sources

• A comparative study of time on Mars with lunar and terrestrial clocks
• Lunar Reference Timescale
• Lunar Time
• Lunar Time Ephemeris $\texttt{LTE440}$: definitions, algorithm and performance
• Lunar References Systems, Frames and Time-scales in the context of the ESA Programme Moonlight
• Definition and Realization of the International Lunar Reference Frame
• General post-Minkowskian expansion of time transfer functions

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