Constraining Spatial Curvature with Priors from Swampland Conjectures

We study a string-motivated theoretical prior on the quintessential dark energy model with exponential potential, V(ϕ) = V 0 e-λϕ, allowing for non-zero spatial curvature. First, we formulate the corresponding dynamical system and investigate its cosmological evolution numerically, illustrating the phase-space behaviour and the influence of curvature on the background dynamics. In open universes (Ω k > 0), it has been suggested that a curvature-related fixed point may support accelerated expansion even for relatively steep potentials compatible with swampland considerations. Next, we explicitly impose swampland-motivated priors on the slope parameter λ, restricting it to values consistent with the de Sitter conjecture that excludes the (curved) Λ CDM limit. Furthermore, we restrict our considerations to the range of field excursion that is consistent with the swampland distance conjecture. Our primary interest is the possibility that such theoretically-motivated priors may shift values of cosmological parameters inferred by observational data, compared with the standard analysis based on theory-agnostic priors such as a sufficiently wide flat prior. We examine this possibility using a combination of Planck CMB data, DESI BAO measurements, and recent Type Ia supernova samples, performing a Bayesian inference of the model parameters. Our analysis indicates that the swampland-motivated prior mildly shifts the values of Ω k.