Fingerprints of Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Pulsar Timing Arrays

arXiv:2603.05722 · astro-ph.HE · Submitted 2026-03-05 · Read on arXiv

astro-ph.HE

Submitted: 2026-03-05

Updated: 2026-07-23

Comments: 14 pages, 4 appendices, 6 figures. Submitted

DOI: 10.1103/ql8b-7q8v

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Anisotropy — 18× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Degeneracy — 6× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Robustness — 4× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• pulsar timing arrays — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Decoupling — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Hybrid Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Spectral Distortions — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-Wave Background
• The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array III. Search for gravitational wave signals
• Search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array
• Searching for the nano-Hertz stochastic gravitational wave background with the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array Data Release I
• The MeerKAT Pulsar Timing Array: The first search for gravitational waves with the MeerKAT radio telescope
• Variance of the Hellings-Downs Correlation
• The Astrophysics of Nanohertz Gravitational Waves
• Probing supermassive black hole mergers and stalling with pulsar timing arrays
• Insights into Supermassive Black Hole Mergers from the Gravitational Wave Background
• The Dawn of Gravitational Wave Astronomy at Light-year Wavelengths: Insights from Pulsar Timing Arrays
• The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Looking for Signs of Discreteness in the Gravitational-wave Background
• The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
• The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Targeted Searches for Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
• Optimal strategies for continuous gravitational wave detection in pulsar timing arrays
• European Pulsar Timing Array Limits on Continuous Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
• Characterising gravitational wave stochastic background anisotropy with Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Fisher formalism for anisotropic gravitational-wave background searches with pulsar timing arrays
• Insights into searches for anisotropies in the nanohertz gravitational-wave background
• Pulsar Timing Array Analysis for Black Hole Backgrounds
• Mapping gravitational-wave backgrounds using methods from CMB analysis: Application to pulsar timing arrays

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