Co-Evolving Agents: Learning from Failures as Hard Negatives

arXiv:2511.22254 · cs.AI · Submitted 2025-11-27 · Read on arXiv

cs.AI

Submitted: 2025-11-27

Updated: 2026-09-29

Terminology

• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes

Sources

• FireAct: Toward Language Agent Fine-tuning
• Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms
• Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models
• Qwen3 Technical Report
• Agent-R: Training Language Model Agents to Reflect via Iterative Self-Training
• Scaling Relationship on Learning Mathematical Reasoning with Large Language Models

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