Determinism and Indeterminism as Model Artefacts: Toward a Model-Invariant Ontology of Physics
The paper argues that determinism and indeterminism are not fundamental features of reality but rather artifacts of how we choose to model physics. It proposes a 'Model-Invariant Ontology' criterion: only structural features stable across all empirically equivalent formulations qualify as real. This suggests that the choice between deterministic or stochastic descriptions is a modeling convention, not an ontological truth.