Photonic Chips for Universal Quantum Computing: Retrospective and Prospective
This review examines integrated photonic quantum chips as a platform for fault-tolerant quantum computing, contrasting discrete-variable (DV) and continuous-variable (CV) approaches. It surveys current progress in architectures, resource states like cluster states, and measurement techniques. The paper highlights key challenges in scaling these systems toward full fault tolerance and outlines future research directions for scalable quantum microprocessors.