Benchmarking Post-Quantum Key Encapsulation in S3-Compatible Object Storage under Client Concurrency
The study benchmarked ML-KEM, a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, for client-side encryption in S3-compatible storage under high concurrency. Findings show ML-KEM incurs minimal CPU overhead unless the client processor is near full load. The primary lasting cost is storage: every object requires 1,056 more bytes due to larger ciphertexts compared to classical methods.