Fuse-then-Detect for Passive UAV Localization Using Multi-UE 5G Uplink Signals
The framework detects and localizes low-altitude UAVs using passive 5G uplink signals from multiple ground users. It achieves sub-nanosecond synchronization and a 4.84 m median position error by using LOS-referenced synchronization to correct signal impairments, clutter suppression filters, and geometry-coupled bistatic fusion across UEs.