Spin Chain with Continuous Exponential Symmetry: Topological Phase and Beyond
The study investigates symmetric gapped ground states of 1D spin chains with continuous exponential symmetry U(1)⋊Z2. It finds that for integer spin S, odd base q yields a Haldane-type topological phase, while even q yields none. For half-odd integer S, odd q leads to an obstruction, but even q allows a novel 'half-SPT' phase with unique properties.