Impact of Cosmic Ray Acceleration on the Early Evolution of Bow Shocks around Massive Runaway Stars
This study used 3D simulations to see how cosmic ray (CR) acceleration affects massive runaway star bow shocks over 180 kyr. By dynamically injecting CRs into these shocks, researchers compared the results to real observations. They found that CR diffusion strongly shapes the shock's structure and significantly impacts gamma-ray emission, aligning qualitatively with current observational limits.