Hardware-Agnostic Modeling of Quantum Side-Channel Leakage via Conditional Dynamics and Learning from Full Correlation Data
The study models a sequential side-channel where an adversarial probe qubit interacts with a target qubit during unknown gate sequences. It found that retaining the full joint histogram of probe bitstrings is crucial for accurate gate recovery, significantly outperforming marginal statistics. This suggests that analyzing the complete temporal correlation structure provides a much stronger signal for post-processing than looking at individual time steps alone.