Toward Robust, Reproducible, and Widely Accessible Intracranial Speech Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Neural Mechanisms, Hardware, Algorithms, Evaluation, Clinical Pathways and Future Directions
This review synthesizes advancements in intracranial speech BCIs by analyzing neural mechanisms, hardware options (MEA, ECoG), and decoding algorithms. It identifies major hurdles like signal non-stationarity and poor cross-subject transfer. The paper proposes a structured framework to guide development toward reliable, accessible systems for clinical use.