Gauge-invariant QMETTS with mutually unbiased physical bases for Z 2 lattice gauge theories at finite temperature and density
The paper proposes a method called Gauge-invariant QMETTS using Mutually Unbiased Physical Bases (MUPB) for Z2 lattice gauge theories at finite temperature and density. This framework allows computing gauge-invariant expectation values in quantum simulations without eliminating gauge degrees of freedom by ensuring measurement bases are both physically valid and mutually unbiased, showing the single-shot strategy is near-optimal.