Structural Pass Analysis in Football: Learning Pass Archetypes and Tactical Impact from Spatio-Temporal Tracking Data
The study developed a structural framework using three metrics—LBS, SGM, and SDI—to quantify how football passes reshape defensive organization. This allowed for the identification of four distinct pass archetypes: Circulatory, Destabilising, Line-breaking, and Space-expanding. The resulting Tactical Impact Value (TIV) shows that line-breaking passes have the highest impact on territorial progression.