All-out Attack: Optimal Block Withholding Under Pay-Per-Share Scheme
The optimal strategy for a Block Withholding (BWH) attacker under Pay-Per-Share (PPS) schemes is an All-out Attack (AoA). This involves dedicating all hashpower to the victim pool, submitting only partial Proof-of-Work shares while withholding full blocks. After the first difficulty adjustment, this attack yields a reward rate matching the theoretical maximum for selfish mining under perfect network influence.