Formation and Evolution of [Wolf-Rayet] Planetary Nebulae through a Late Thermal Pulse
Researchers simulated a born-again planetary nebula formed by a late thermal pulse (LTP). The simulations show H-deficient ejecta initially form a double shell but mix with the surrounding material after about 1000 years. This mixing makes it hard to distinguish the LTP ejecta from normal nebula components, explaining why [WR] PNe often lack significant abundance differences compared to H-rich ones.