Guidelines for band gap opening in graphene superlattices with periodic pi-vacancy distribution
The study investigates how periodic $\pi$-vacancies in graphene superlattices (GSLs) can open a band gap by modifying the $\pi$-band dispersion. It uses a tight-binding model to determine symmetry requirements, finding that $C_3$ symmetry preservation is the most robust route for achieving a large band gap, whereas $C_2$ symmetries allow for smaller gaps or cone shifting.