Binding Energies of Astrophysically Relevant Molecules on CO 2 Clusters: Benchmarking and the Donor-Acceptor Origin of Surface-Dependent Binding
The study calculated binding energies for twelve molecules on CO2 clusters using high-level quantum chemistry methods. Results show binding strength depends on whether a molecule needs to donate a hydrogen bond, which CO2 cannot do. This explains why mixed water-CO2 ice separates into CO2-rich domains and helps understand volatile partitioning in interstellar ices.