Theory of criticality-enabled U(1) symmetry breaking in a class of 1+1D systems
This research investigates whether a U(1) symmetry can spontaneously break at one spatial dimension quantum critical points, challenging existing rules. Using analytic field theory and numerical simulations, the study shows that when the dynamical exponent is not equal to one (z != 1), this symmetry must break. It demonstrates true long-range order in certain operators at these critical points.